Quantification and Statistical Assessment of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Spaces

Praveen  P; M S  Mallikarjunaswamy; Mahabaleshwar   Mamadapur; S Chandrashekara

doi:10.48165/abr.2024.26.01.58

Authors

Praveen P Department of Electronics & Instrumentation, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka (India)
M S Mallikarjunaswamy Department of Electronics & Instrumentation, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering, JSS Science and Technology University, Mysuru - 570 006, Karnataka (India)
Mahabaleshwar Mamadapur ChanRe Rheumatology & Immunology Center & Research, Bengaluru – 560 010, Karnataka (India)
S Chandrashekara Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/abr.2024.26.01.58

Keywords:

Lower back pain, Quantification, Intervertebral disc spaces, Normality Test, Non-Parametric Test, Mann-Whitney U Test

Abstract

Lower back pain (LBP) is a prevalent issue affecting the lumbar region of the human body, with degenerative discs identified as a significant contributing factor. X-ray imaging, often the first recommended investigation by Orthopaedic Doctors, offers valuable insights into the condition of the intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine. In this study, intervertebral disc spaces were quantified using image processing techniques and compared the quantified values to established normal ranges. The results revealed significant deviations between the deteriorated intervertebral disc spaces and the mean and standard deviation values of healthy subjects, confirming instances of disc degeneration. Several risk factors were found to influence disc degeneration, including gender, age, and body mass index (BMI). A comprehensive statistical analysis highlighted how these factors, while having small but significant effects, contribute to the overall health of the lumbar spine, providing a clearer understanding of their impact on disc degeneration through robust non-parametric studies.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anand, N. and Deyo, R. 2010. Degenerative lumbar disc disease and its role in chronic low back pain. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, 21(4): 801-823. Boden, S.D., Davis, D.O., Dina, T.S. and Patronas, N.J. 1990. Abnormal magnetic resonance scans of the lumbar spine in asymptomatic subjects: A prospective investigation. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 72(3): 403-408.

Bogduk, N. 2005. Clinical Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and Sacrum (4th edn.). Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, UK.

Chou, R. and Huffman, L.H. 2007. Medications for acute low back pain: A systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine, 147(7): 505-514.

Davis, R.M. and Chou, R. 2018. The role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of low back pain. American Family Physician, 97(8): 561-568.

Ferguson, S.J. and Heini, P. 2005. The intervertebral disc: A biologically integrated structure. The Spine Journal, 5(4): 407-415.

Green, M., Clark, T. and Kim, L. 2018. Quantification of intervertebral disc spaces in normal vs. pathological conditions. Comparative Medicine, 22(4): 401-409.

Hopper, J.L. and McPherson, K. 2021. Low back pain: Epidemiology and management. Medical Clinics of North America, 105(3): 559-576.

Jarvik, D.J. and Deyo, J.W. 2011. Diagnostic imaging for low back pain: An update. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 469(3): 469-478.

Katz, J.N. and Harris, M.B. 2007. Clinical evaluation and management of low back pain. British Medical Journal, 334(7606): 155-159.

Lee, C., Martinez, A. and White, S. 2017. Comparison of manual vs. automated methods for quantification of intervertebral disc spaces. Radiology Research and Practice, 25(4): 512-520. Miller, B., Roberts, J. and Harris, E. 2016. Intervertebral disc space measurement in young vs. elderly population. Gerontology Studies, 12(3): 145-153.

Praveen, P. and Mallikarjunaswamy, M.S. 2020. Quantification of intervertebral space of lumbar spine in lower back pain affected people. International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking, 13(4): 2409-2414.

514 P. Praveen et al.

Praveen, P., Mallikarjunaswamy, M.S. and Chandrashekara, S. 2021. Influence of ageing and high BMI on lower back pain. pp. 1-10. In: Machines, Mechanisms and Robotics. Springer Nature, Singapore.

Richardson, W.J. and DeVine, J.A. 1999. Degenerative Disc Disease. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Park Ridge, USA.

Schmid, A.B. and Goel, V.K. 2012. The role of biomechanical loading in disc degeneration and low back pain. Journal of Biomechanics, 45(4): 627-632.

Smith, J. and Brown, A. 2022. The importance of lateral X-ray imaging in diagnosing lower back pain. Journal of Medical Imaging, 45(3): 123-130.

Smith, M., Johnson, A. and Lee, R. 2015. Quantitative measurement of intervertebral disc spaces using magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Spinal Disorders, 28(5): 432-439. Weiner, B.K. 2007. Spinal disc degeneration: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and non-surgical management. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 20(1): 19-28. Zar, J.H. 1993. Comparison of normality tests in medical data analysis. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2(1): 55-64.