CONSERVATION OF THREATENED ORCHID Aerides multiflora Roxb.  THROUGH in vitro ASYMBIOTUC SEED CULTURE

Akash    Deb; Saranjeet    Kaur

doi:10.48165/abr.2024.26.01.38

Authors

Akash Deb Department of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, district Mohali - 140 413, Punjab (India)
Saranjeet Kaur Department of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, district Mohali - 140 413, Punjab (India)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/abr.2024.26.01.38

Keywords:

Asymbiotic, Embryo, In vitro, orchid seed, testa

Abstract

The present studies were intended to expedite in vitro conservation of a threatened orchid Aerides multiflora through asymbiotic seed germination technique. The capsules were harvested at two different stages of development. The seeds were inoculated in Murashige and Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium as source of nutrition. The effect of PGRs [6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) @ 1 mg L-1 and auxin (α-naphthalene acetic acid; NAA @ 1 mg L-1) was also assessed individually and in combination for various morphogenetic events such as seed germination percentage, morphogenetic changes and seedling development which varied with the capsule stage. The seeds obtained from undehisced light- brown capsule germinated with better percentage as compared to seeds obtained from undehisced green capsule. Cent per cent seed germination was achieved in basal MS medium alone and BAP supplemented medium. Seedling with 2-3 leaves and 1-2 roots were formed with in 20.00 ± 0.20 weeks old cultures in basal medium. The growth of germinating entities remained arrested in NAA supplemented medium and resumed growth upon shift to ½ strength medium fortified with peptone (1 g L-1). BAP favoured multiplication of protocorms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Saranjeet Kaur, Department of Biosciences, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, district Mohali - 140 413, Punjab (India)

Department of Biosciences,

University Institute of Biotechnology,

References

Arditti, J. and Ernst, R. 1984. Physiology of germinating orchid seeds. pp. 177-222. In: Orchid Biology, Reviews and Perspectives, Volume III (ed. J. Arditti), Ithaca, Cornell University Press. New York, USA.

Arditti, J. and Ghani, A.K.A. 2000. Numerical and physical properties of orchid seeds and their biological implications. New Phytologist, 145: 367-421.

Azlan, G.J., David, D., Marbawi, H. and Jawan, R. 2014 Asymbiotic seed germination and seedling development of Vanda dearie. Malaysian Applied Biology, 43(2): 25-33.

Barua, K.N., Singha, B.L., Bordoloi, S. and Bora, B. 2022. In vitro seed propagation and mass multiplication of some magnificent orchids of Northeast India. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 10: 208-213.

Baskin, C.C., Thompson, K. and Baskin, J.M. 2006. Mistakes in germination ecology and how to avoid them. Seed Science Research, 16: 165-168.

Bejoy, M., Kumar, S.C., Radhika, B.J. and Joemon, J. 2004. Asymbiotic seed germination and early seedling development of the dove orchid Peristeria elata Hook. The Journal of the Orchid Society of India, 17: 75-79.

Bose, T.K., and Bhattacharjee, S.K. 1980. Orchids in India. Naya Prokash Publishers, Calcutta, West Bengal, India.

CITES. 2024. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Appendices I and II. [http://www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php].

De Pauw, M.A., Remphrey, W.R. and Palmer, C.E. 1995. The cytokinin preference for in vitro

germination and protocorm growth of Cypripedium candidum. Annals of Botany, 75: 267-275.

Gogoi, K., Borah, R.L., Sharma, G.C. and Yonzone, R. 2012. Present status of orchid species diversity resources and distribution in Dibrugarh district of Assam of North-East India. International Journal of Modern Botany, 2: 19-33.

Gomez A.K. and Gomez A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Wiley, New York, USA.

Harvais, G.1982. Growth requirements and development of Cypripedium reginae in axenic culture.

Canadian Journal of Botany, 51: 327-332.

Ichihashi, S. and Islam, M.O. 1999. Effect of complex organic additives on callus growth in three orchid genera, Phalaenopsis, Doritaenopsis and Neofinetia. Journal of the Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 68: 269-227.

Kaur, Saranjeet. and Bhutani, K.K. 2010. Micropropagation of Malaxis acuminata D. Don: A rare orchid of high therapeutic value. Open Access Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 1: 29-33. Kaur, Saranjeet. and Bhutani, K.K. 2011. In vitro propagation of Dendrobium chrysotoxum (Lindl.).

Floriculture and Ornamental Biotechnology, 5: 50-56.

Kaur, Saranjeet. and Bhutani, K.K. 2014. In vitro conservation and asymbiotic propagation of

Coelogyne flaccida (Lindl.) – A threatened orchid. Plant Biosystems, 148: 935-944.

Kaur, Saranjeet. 2017. In vitro regeneration of shoots from nodal explants of Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Journal of Horticultural Research, 25(1): 27-34.

Kaur, Saranjeet. 2021. In vitro propagation of Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Reichb. F, a medicinally important threatened orchid. Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology, 31: 153-160.

Kendon, J.P., Rajaovelona, L., Sandford, H., Fang, R., Bell, J. and Sarasan, V. 2017. Collecting near mature and immature orchid seeds for ex situ conservation: In vitro collecting as a case study. Botanical Studies, 58(1): 34. [https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-017-0187-5].

Koene, F.M., Amano, É. and Ribas, L.L.F. 2019. Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Acianthera prolifera (Orchidaceae). South African Journal of Botany, 121: 83- 91.

Kumar, J., Katoch, D., Thakur, A., Pathania, A.A., Choudhary, K. and Shelja. 2024. A comprehensive review on threats and conservation status of orchids. Journal of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, 12(2): 43-47.

Kusumoto, M. and Furukuwa, J. 1977. Effect of organic matter on growth of Cymbidium protocorms cultured in vitro. Journal of Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, 45: 421-426.

Lee, Y.L., Yeung, E.C., Lee, N. and Chung, M.C. 2008. Embryology of Phalaenopsis amabilis var.

formosa: Embryo development. Botanical Studies, 49: 139-146.

Lekha Rani C., Vidya, C., Rajmohan, K. and Mercy, S.T. 2005. Protocorm differentiation and seedling growth in Dendrobium hybrid seed cultures as influenced by organic additives. The Journal of The Orchid Society of India, 19: 67-70.

Magrini, S., Carli, A.D., Onofri, S. and Scoppola, A. 2011. A comparative study of the seed germination capabilities of Anacamptis palustris (Orchidaceae), a threatened terrestrial orchid, and some other common Anacamptis species, by asymbiotic culture in vitro. European Journal of Environmental Sciences, 1: 71-79.

Men, S., Ming, X., Wang, Y., Liu, R., Wei, C. and Li, Y. 2003. Genetic transformation of two species of orchid by biolistic bombardment. Plant Cell Reports, 21: 592-598.

Mitra, G.C., Prasad, R.N. and Chowdhury, A.R. 1976. Inorganic salts and differentiation of protocorms in seed callus of an orchid and correlated changes in its free amino acid content. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 14: 350-351.

Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium of rapid growth and bioassays with tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.

Nabieva, A.Y. 2021. Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro seedling development of Orchis militaris, an endangered orchid in Siberia. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 19: 122-133.

Rasmussen, H.N. 1995. Terrestrial Orchids: From Seed to Mycotrophic Plant, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

Temjensangba and Deb, C.R. 2006. Effect of different factors on non-symbiotic seed germination, formation of protocorm-like bodies and plantlet morphology of Cleisostoma racemiferum (Lindl.) Garay. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 223-228.

Van Waes, J.M. and Debergh, P.C. 1986. In vitro germination of some Western European orchids.

Physiologia Plantarum, 67: 253-261.

Vasudevan, R. and van Staden, J. 2010. Fruit harvesting time and corresponding morphological changes of seed integuments influence in vitro seed germination of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Plant Growth Regulation, 60: 237-246.

Verma, J., Bhatti, S.K. and Sembi, J.K. 2015. Asymbiotic germination immature seeds in an ornamentally important 'Fox-tail’ orchid, Aerides multiflora Roxb. International Journal of Plant Research, 28(4): 162-168.

Yamazaki, J. and Miyoshi, K. 2006. In vitro asymbiotic germination of immature seed and formation of protocorm by Cephalanthera falcata (Orchidaceae). Annals of Botany, 98: 1197-1206.

Young, P.S., Murthy, H.N. and Paek, K.Y. 2000. Mass multiplication of protocorm-like bodies using bioreactor system and subsequent plant regeneration in Phalaenopsis. Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture, 63: 67-72.

Zhao, P., Wu, F., Feng, F.S. and Wang, W.J. 2008. Protocorm-like body (PLB) formation and plant regeneration from the callus culture of Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 44: 178-185.

Ziv, M., Ronen, G. and Raviv, M. 1998. Proliferation of meristematic clusters in disposable presterilized plastic bioreactors for large-scale micropropagation of plants. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant, 34: 152-158.