MORPHOMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand and Jatropha curcas L. IN NORTHERN NIGERIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/abr.2024.26.01.2Keywords:
Calotropis procera, discrimination, Jatropha curcas, plant taxonomy, pheneticAbstract
Phenetic analysis is a method for comparing plant species to establish their degree of genetic similarity. To identify and classify the enormous variety of plant life, morphological traits are essential. As the primary characteristics of Calotropis procera and Jatropha curcas species, subspecies, and variety were inadequately documented, there has been long-standing misunderstanding and controversy concerning the taxonomic designations of these species. This study aimed to use morphometric data to taxonomically identify C. procera and J. curcas using multivariate analysis. From the wild of Randagi, Sabon Gero, and Kabara in Kaduna state, Northern Nigeria, twelve samples of C. procera and J. curcas each were collected. SIMCA-P (V.14.1, Umetrics Sweden) was used for unsupervised multivariate analysis along with numerical phenetic analysis. The analysis of this phenetic data yielded a spectrum filter model with the strongest predictive power (fitness of the model) (Q2 (cum) 0.977) and the maximum variation (R2X (cum) 0.988). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed clustering between the species under examination along PCs 1 and 2, with C. procera clustering along the Y axis and J. curcas clustering along the X axis. A useful technique for avoiding adulteration is phenetic analysis-based taxonomic identification of plants in conjunction with multivariate analysis. However, to specifically analyse their relationships, a combination of molecular and developmental datasets is still required.
Downloads
References
Abdulrahman, M.D., Fatihah, H.N.N., Abdul, M., Ali, M., Mat, N. and Khandaker, M. 2021. Phenetic and unsupervised multivariate analysis Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52: 249-258.
Airaodion, A.I., Ayanleke, I.A., Agunbiade, A.P., Ogbuagu, E.O., Airaodion, E.O. and Ogbuagu, U. 2020. Antifertility propensity of Jatropha curcas Linn. leaves on male Wistar rats. International Journal of Research and Reports in Gynaecology, 3(2): 21-29.
Al-Rowaily, S.L, Abd-ElGawad, A.M., Assaeed, A.M., Elgamal, A.M., Gendy, A.E., Mohamed, T.A. and Elshamy, A.I. 2020. Essential oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative chemical profiles, antimicrobial activity, and allelopathic potential on weeds. Molecules, 25: 5203. [https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25215203].
Alamgir, A. 2017. Pharmacognostical botany: Classification of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs), botanical taxonomy, morphology, and anatomy of drug plants. pp. 177-293. In: Therapeutic Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Extracts: Volume 1, Springer. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63862-1].
Chen, W.Q., Lu, J.H., Wang, Q.Q., Xin, Q. and Xu, Y. 2020. Numerical taxonomic study of morphological characteristics of species in Glycyrrhiza hybrid zones. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 29: 14. [https://doi.org/10.11686/cyxb2019418].
Fatihah, H.N., Mat, N., Zaimah, A.R., Zuhailah, M.N., Norhaslinda, H., Khairil, M. and Ali, A.M. 2012. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia. PloS One, 7(12): 52-64.
Harish, B., Hedge, A., Venkatesh, O., Spoorthy, D. and Sushma, D. 2013. Classification of plant leaves using morphological features and Zernike moments. pp. 1827-1831. In: 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), Mysore, India. [doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2013.6637459].
Herdiyeni, Y. and Santoni, M.M. 2012. Combination of morphological, local binary pattern variance and color moments features for indonesian medicinal plants identification. pp. 255-259. In: 2012 International Conference on Advanced Computer Science and Information Systems (ICACSIS), 2012, Depok, West Java, Indonesia.
Jumare, A.I., Mahmoud, A.D. and Amlabu, W.E. 2022. Traditional medicinal plants used in the management of cutaneous Leishmaniasis diseases in Sokoto State, Northern Nigeria. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 23: 1-21.
Kadir, A., Nugroho, L.E., Susanto, A. and Santosa, P.I. 2012. Performance improvement of leaf identification system using principal component analysis. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 44: 113-124.
Kadir, A., Nugroho, L.E., Susanto, A. and Santosa, P.I. 2013. Leaf classification using shape, color, and texture features. International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology, 2011: 225-230. [1401.4447.pdf (arxiv.org)].
Kamsurya, M.Y., Ala, A., Musa, Y. and Rafiuddin R. 2022. Correlation of flowering phenology and heat unit of forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium) at different elevations in Maluku Province. Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23: 5593-5599.
Mahmoud, A.D. and Abba, A. 2021. Ethnomedicinal survey of plants used for management of inflammatory diseases in Ringim local government, Jigawa state, Nigeria. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22: 1-27.
Mainasara, M., Aliero, B., Aliero, A. and Yakubu, M. 2012. Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of root and leaf extracts of Calotropis procera. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 20: 1-6.
Martina, M., Jumari, J. and Murningsih, M. 2021. Phenetic analysis of turkey berry (Solanum torvum Sw.) based on morphological character in Semarang region. pp. 24-25. In: 10th International Seminar on New Paradigm and Innovation of Natural Sciences and its Application (ISNPINSA). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1943, 2020, September 2020, Indonesia. [10.1088/1742-6596/1943/1/012076].
Mildawati, M., Sobir, S., Sulistijorini, S. and Chikmawati, T. 2022. Diversity, distribution and ecology of Davallia in Sumatra (Indonesia) and the nearby small islands. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23: 33-42.
Ningrum, A.M. and Chasani, A.R. 2021. Numerical phenetic and phylogenetic relationships in silico among brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 22: 3057-3064.
Oktavianingsih, L., Suharyanto, E. and Daryono, B. 2019. Morphological characters variability of taro (Colocasia spp.) in Kalimantan, Indonesia based on phenetic analysis approach. Sabrao Journal of Breeding & Genetics, 51: 37-56.
Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara
Ren, L., Guo, M.Y. and Pang, X.H. 2018. Identification and classification of medicinal plants in epimedium. Chinese Herbal Medicines, 10: 249-254.
Schneider, H., He, L., Hennequin, S. and Zhang X.C. 2013.Towards a natural classification of Pteridaceae: inferring the relationships of enigmatic pteridoid fern species occurring in the Sino Himalaya and Afro-Madagascar. Phytotaxa, 77: 49-60.
Xiao, X.H., Zhong, G.Y., Shu, G.M., Li, L.Y., Fang, Q.M., Chen, S.Y. and Shu, Z.W. 2004. Numerical taxonomy of medicinal plants of Curcuma in China. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi=Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, 29: 15-24.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
