Bioefficacy And Shelf Life Of Rhizobium Leguminosarum Loaded On Different Carriers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Bio-efficacy, coal, indigenous carrier, lignite, Rhizobium leguminosarum, shelf lifeAbstract
The shelf life and bioefficacy of Rhizobium leguminosarum loaded on various carriers was assessed under laboratory and field conditions at JNKVV, Jabalpur (India). The carriers tested were lignite, coal, vermi compost, poultry manure, dolomite, Azolla, lignite + coal, lignite + vermi compost, lignite + poultry manure, lignite + dolomite and Azolla + lignite. leguminosarum culture isolate G4 was multiplied in YEM broth under aseptic conditions and after specified growth, the rhizobial liquid broth was mixed with eleven carriers, each separately, in a ratio to obtain 40% moisture in the finished product. The initial rhizobial population in the finished product was estimated before final packing and storage. For shelf life assessment, the samples were drawn from the stored productsat 30 days intervals upto 180 days and rhizobial population assessed. The bioefficacy of carrier loaded R. leguminosarum biofertilizers were studied in field on chickpea variety JG-74. The nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1 and nitrogen content in nodules were recorded 45 days after sowing (DAS) while grain yield, total biomass, nitrogen content in seed and straw and total nitrogen uptake were studied at harvest. Lignite proved best carrier followed by coal, while other indigenous carriers failed to support rhizobia. Use of these carrier materials in conjunction with lignite (1:1) did not yield satisfactory results. It may be concluded that vermicompost, poultry manure, dolomite and Azolla cannot substitute lignite as a carrier for rhizobial inoculants, although coal proved safe for this purpose.
Downloads
References
El-Fattah, D.A., Eweda, W.E., Zayed, M.S. and Hassanein, M.K. 2013. Effect of carrier materials, sterilization method and storage temperature on survival and biological activities of Azotobacter chroococcum inoculant. Annals of Agricultural Science, 58: 111-118.
Arora, N.K., Khare, E., Naraian, R. and Maheshwari, D.K. 2008. Sawdust as a superior carrier for production of multipurpose bioinoculant using plant growth promoting rhizobial and pseudomonad strains and their impact on productivity of Trifolium repense. Current Science, 95: 90-94.
Ben Rebah, F., Prévost, D., Yezza, A. and Tyagi, R.D. 2007. Agro-industrial waste materials and wastewater sludge for rhizobial inoculant production: A review. Bioresource Technology, 98: 3535-3546.
Biswas, B.C., Das, S. and Kalwe, S.P. 2001. Crop response to biofertilizer. Fertilizer News, 46: 21- 24.
Bremner, J.M. and Mulvaney, C.S. 1982. Total nitrogen. pp. 1119-1123. In: Methods of Soil Analysis (eds. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeny), American Society of Agronomy/ Soil Science Society of America, Madison, USA.
Brown, M.E. and Walker, N. 1970. Indole-3 acetic acid formation by Azotobacter chroccocum. Plant and Soil, 32: 256-258.
Chao, W.L. and Alexander, M. 1984. Mineral soils as carriers for Rhizobium Inoculant. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 47: 94-97.
Crawford, S.L. and Berryhill, D.L. 1983. Survival of Rhizobium phaseoli in coal-based legume inoculants applied to seeds. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45: 703-705. Dubey, J.N., Namdeo, S.L. and Johar, M.S. 1975. Coal as a carrier of rhizobia. Current Science, 44: 434-439.
Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedure for Agricultural Research (2nd edn.). John Wiley & sons, Singapore.
Gupta, S.C. 2005. Evaluation of liquid and carrier based Rhizobium inoculants in chickpea. Indian Journal of Pulses Research, 18: 40-42.
Hahn, N.J. 1966. The Congo red reaction in bacteria and its usefulness in the identification of rhizobia. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 12: 725-733.
Jadhav, V.T., Kore, S.S. and Mayee, C.D. 1988. Influence of carriers, isolates and inoculation methods of Rhizobium on groundnut in vertisols. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 5: 89-92. Johar, M.S. 1971. Growth and Longevity of Rhizobial Strain in Different Biphasic Carrier. M.Sc. Thesis Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishva Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Kaljeet, S., Keyeo, F. and Amir, H.G. 2011. Influence of carrier materials and storage temperature on survivability of rhizobial inocuant. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 10: 331-337. Kaushal, A., Rawat, A.K., Verma, L.N. and Khare, A.K. 1996. Oxalic acid industrial waste as a carrier for Rhizobium inoculants and its effect on soybean. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 44: 249-252.
Khattak, S.G., Khan, D.F., Shah, S.H., Madani, M.S. and Khan, T. 2006. Role of rhizobial inoculation in the production of chickpea crop. Soil and Environment, 25: 143-145. Kukreja, K., Suneja, S., Goyal, S., Narula, N. 2004. Phytohormone production by Azotobacter: A review. Agricultural Reviews, 25: 70-75.
Effect of carriers on bioefficacy and shelf life of Rhizobium 131
Kumar, V., Chandra, A. and Singh, G. 2010. Efficacy of fly-ash based bio-fertilizers v/s perfected chemical fertilizers in wheat (Triticum aestivum). International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2(7): 31-35.
Kumar, V. and Gupta, P. 2010. Studies on shelf-life of fly-ash based Azotobacter chroococcum formulation and its bio-efficacy in wheat. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6: 280-282.
Lal, J.K. and Mishra, B. 1998. Fly ash as a carrier for Rhizobium inoculant. Journal of Research Birsa Agricultural University, 10: 191-192
Lupwayi, N.Z., Clayton, G.W. and Rice, W.A. 2006. Rhizobial inoculants for legume crops. Journal of Crop Improvement, 15: 289-321.
Page, A.L., Miller, R.H. and Keeney, D.R. 1982. Methods of Soil Analysis 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. Pandher, M.S., Gupta, R.P., Bhandal, B.K. and Gupta, S.K. 1993. Studies on growth and survival of Rhizobium isolates in different carriers. Indian Journal of Ecology, 20: 141-146. Parkinson, J.A. and Allen, S.E. 1975. A wet digestion procedure suitable for the determination of nitrogen and mineral nutrients in biological material. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 6: 1-11.
Robert, J., Kremer, L. and Harold, P. 1983. Effects of carrier and temperature on survival of rhizobium spp. in legume inocula: Development of an improved type of inoculant. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 45: 1790-1794.
Rokhzadi, A. and Toashih, V. 2011. Nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) inoculated with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 44-48.
Saranya, K., Santhana Krishnan, P., Kumutha, K. and French, J. 2011. Potential for Biochar as an alternate carrier to lignite for the preparation of biofertilizers in India. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology, 4: 167-172.
Schmidt, E.L. and Coldwell, A.C. 1967. A Practical Manual of Soil Microbiology Laboratory Method. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Shahzad, S.M., Khalid, A., Arshad, M., Khalid, M. and Mehboob, I. 2008. Integrated use of plant growth promoting bacteria and P-enriched compost for improving growth, yield and nodulation of chickpea. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40: 1735-1441.
Sigua, G.C. and Hudnall, W.H. 1991. P-Mo interactions on the yield and nodulation of white clover grown on limed-lignite overburden materials. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 22: 379-391.
Singh, R.N. 1986. The Effect of Temperature and Carrier on Viability and Efficiency of Rhizobium japonicum Inoculants. M.Sc. Thesis, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishva Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Singh, R.N., A.K. Khare, A.K. Rawat and S.S. Sengar 1992. Studied the effect of different temperature and carrier on viability of Rhizobium japonicum inoculum and their response to soybean crop. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 26: 145-154.
Somasegaran, P. and Hoben, H.J. 1994. Handbook for Rhizobia – Methods in Legume Rhizobium Technology. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, Germany.
Subba Rao, N.S. 1977. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
Sudharker, P., Ghosh, J.K. and Raje, U.S. 2004. Flyash as an alternate carrier substrate to economize the biofertilizer production. Biofertilizer Newsletter, 12: 3-6.
Vessey, K.J. 2003. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria as biofertilizers. Plant and Soil, 255: 571- 586.
Walkley, A. and Black, A.I. 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-37.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
