Effect Of Fertility Levels And Herbicide Mixtures On  Yield And Yield Attributes Of Rainfed Maize Under  Temperate Conditions Of Kashmir

Shamim Gul; B A Khanday; M H Khan

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Shamim Gul Dryland (Karewa) Agricultural Research Station, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 002, Jammu & Kashmir (India)
B A Khanday Dryland (Karewa) Agricultural Research Station, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 002, Jammu & Kashmir (India)
M H Khan Dryland (Karewa) Agricultural Research Station, S.K. University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar – 190 002, Jammu & Kashmir (India)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Fertility levels, grain yield, maize, weed management, yield attributes

Abstract

The present study was aimed to assess the response of rainfed maize to various fertility levels and weed management practices under temperate Kashmir conditions. The field experiment consisted of 3 fertility levels of NPK viz., 60:40:20, 75:50:30 and 90:60:40, N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1) and 4 weed management practices viz., no weeding, two hand weeding 20 and 50 days after sowing (DAS), atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (as pre emergence) + one hand weeding 20 DAS, and atrazine @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (pre-emergence) + isoprotron @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 (post-emergence). The results revealed that fertility levels of 90:60:40 and 75:50:30 (NPK) were at par and showed significant increase in cob length, cobs plant-1, grains cob-1, 100-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and stover yield as against fertility level of 60:40:20 NPK. However, the number of rows cob-1 and cob diameter showed significant improvement with increase in fertility level. Increase in fertility level from 60:40:20 to 75:50:30 NPK significantly enhanced harvest index but further addition caused significant decrease. Weed management practices of atrazine as pre emergence application + one hand weeding at 20 DAS was at par with atrazine as pre-emergence + isoprotron as post-emergence application treatment and both showed significant improvement in all yield contributing characters over no weeding and 2 hand-weedings at 20 and 50 days DAS. Both grain and stover yields were significantly higher with atrazine as pre-emergence application + 1 hand weeding at 20 DAS over hand weeding on 20 and 50 DAS and no weeding.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Food Development Project. Amayen Press, Kumasi, Ghana. Anonymous. 2000. Fertilizers and Their Use. FAO, International Fertilizer Industry Association, Rome, Italy.

Anonymous. 2012. Meteorological Report. Division of Agronomy, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir. Anonymous. 2013. Meteorological Report. Division of Agronomy, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir. Anorvey, V.Y. 2011. The Efficacy of Lumax 537.5 se for Weed Control in Maize for Maximum Economic Returns. M.Phil. thesis, University of Education, College of Agriculture Education, Winneba, Ghana.

Bakht, J., Siddique, M.F., Shafi, M., Akbar, H., Tariq, M., Khan, N., Zubair, M. and Yousef, M. 2007. Effect of planting methods and nitrogen levels on the yield and yield components of maize. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 23: 553-559.

Bibi, Z., Khan, N., Akram, M., Khan, Q., Khan, M.J., Batool, S. and Makhdum, K. 2010. Integrating cultivars with reduced herbicides rates for weed management in maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42: 1923-1929.

Chikoye, D., Manyong, V. M., Carsky, R. J., Ekeleme, F., Gbehounou, G. and Ahanchede, A. 2002. Response of spear grass (Imperata cylindrica) to cover crops integrated with hand weeding and chemical control in maize and cassava. Crop Protection, 21: 145-156.

Cochran, W.G. and Cox, G.M. 1967. Experimental Designs. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA.

Davis, J.G., Walker, M.E., Parker, M.B. and Mullinix, B. 1996. Long term phosphorus and potassium application to corn on coastal plain soils. Journal of Production Agriculture, 9: 88- 94.

Fayad, T.B., Sabry, S.R.S. and Aboul, E.S.H. 1998. Effect of herbicides on weed density, wheat grains yield, and yield component. In: Conference on Weed Biology and Control. 14-16 March, 1998, Stuttgart Hohenheim, Germany.

Ghaffar, A., Ehsanullah, N., Akbar, S.H., Khan, K., Jabran, R.Q., Hashmi, A., Iqbal and Ali, M.A. 2012. Effect of trench spacing and micronutrients on growth and yield of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6: 1-9.

Hamayun, M. 2003. Effect of spacing and weed free periods on the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). Pakistan Journal of Weed Science and Research, 9: 179-184.

Hsiao, T.C. 1973. Plant response to water stress. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, 24: 519-570. Kamble, T.C., Kakade, S.U., Nemade, S.U., Pawar, R.V. and Apotikar, V.A. 2005. A integrated weed management in hybrid maize. Crop Research (Hisar), 29: 396-400.

Kasana, N.A. and Khan, M.A. 1976. Studies on the relative efficiency of various complex fertilizers and mixture of straight fertilizer on yield of maize. Agriculture Journal, 14: 127-135. Khan, N.W., Khan, N. and Khan, I.A. 2012. Integration of nitrogen fertilizer and herbicides for Efficient weed management in maize crop. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 28: 457-463. Kolage, A.K., Shinde, S.H. and Bhilare, R.L. 2004. Weed management in kharif maize. Journal of Maharashtra Agricultural Universities, 29: 110-111.

Maqsood, M., Ali, R., Nawaz, N. and Yousaf, N. 2000. The effect of NPK application in different proportions on the growth and yield of spring maize. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 3: 356-357.

Marschner, H. 1986. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press, San Diego, USA.

Effect of fertility levels and herbicide mixtures on rainfed maize 191

Naveed, M. Ahmad, R., Nadeem, M.A., Nadeem, S.M., Shahzard, K. and Anjum, M.A. 2008. Effect of new post-emergence herbicide application in combination with urea on growth, yield and weed control in maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Research, 46: 186-192.

Onasanya, R.O., Aiyelari, O.P., Onasanya, A., Oikeh, S., Nwilene, F.E. and Oyelakin, O.O. 2009. Growth and yield response of maize (Zea mays L.) to different rates of nitrogen and phosphorusfertilizersin SouthernNigeria. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5: 400-407.

Patel, V.J., Upadhyay, P.N., Patel, J.B. and Patel, B.D. 2006. Evaluation of herbicide mixtures for weed control in maize (Zea mays L.) under middle Gujarat conditions. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2: 15-20.

Qasim, M., Himayrull, H. and Subha, M. 2001. Effect of increasing levels of phosphorus and seed rate on the economic yield of maize. Journal of Biological Science, 1: 40-42. Rasheed, M., Hussain, A. and Tariq Mahmood, T. 2003. Growth analysis of hybrid maize as influenced by planting techniques and nutrient management. International Journal of Agricultural Biology, 5: 169-171.

Revilla, P., Soengas, P., Cartea, M.E., Malvar, R.A. and Ordas, A. 2003. Isoenzyme variability among European maize populations and the introduction of maize in Europe. Maydica, 48: 141-152.

Riaz, M., Jamil, M. and Mahmood, T.Z. 2007. Yield and yield components of maize as affected by various weed control methods under rain-fed conditions of Pakistan. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 9:152-155.

Sinha, S.P., Prasad, S.M., Singh, S.J. and Sinha, K.K. 2003. Integrated weed management in winter maize (Zea mays) in north Bihar. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 35: 273-274. Subhan, F., Din, N., Azim, A. and Shah, Z. 2007. Response of maize crop to various herbicides. Pakistan Journal of Weed Sciences Research, 13: 9-15.

Tisdale, S.L., Nelson, W.L. and Beaton, J.D. 1990. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. McMillan Publishing Co., New York, USA.

Uhart, S.A. and Andrade, F.H. 1995. Nitrogen deficiency in maize. I. Effects on crop growth, development, dry matter partitioning, and kernel set. Crop Science, 35: 1376-1383. Worku, M. and Zelleke, H. 2007. Advances in improving harvest index and grain yield of maize in Ethiopia. East African Journal of Science, 1: 112-119.