Prevalence And Risk Factor Analysis Of Gastrointestinal Parasites In Relation To Environmental Conditions In Different Agro-Climatic Zones Of Rajasthan (India)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Gastro-intestinal parasites, faecal examination, agro-climatic zone, RajasthanAbstract
An epidemiological survey in relation to environmental conditions covering all most the entire agro-climatic zones of Rajasthan (India) was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitism in crossbred and local cattle. A total of 733 faecal samples (464 cattle and 269 buffaloes) were collected and screened from dairy animals by sedimentation and floatation technique. The overall prevalence of was 22.5%, with Semi-arid Eastern plain zone at higher infection risk (48.25%); followed by Arid Western zone (30.43%). Lowest infection was recorded from Transitional plain of Luni Basin zone (4.11%). Regarding different species of parasite, highest infection was recorded of Balatidium coli (10.10%) followed by Strongyle eggs (5.46%) and lowest was of Toxocara vitulorum and Moniezia expansa (0.82%). In relation to various risk factors Indigenous animal displayed higher risk of infection as compare to cross-bred cattle (OR = 4.36, 95% CI = 29.60 - 63.84). Older animals have higher risk of infection as compared to young one (OR =2.03, 95% CI = 13.59 - 30.44). Female are more prone to significant infection as compared to their male counterpart (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 11.38 - 33.42). Samples screened during monsoon season depicted highest level of infection (OR = 45.99, 95% CI = 39.00 - 53.14). Farms having other companion animal have more incidence of infection (23.45%) as compared to other farms (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 8.07 - 18.66).
Downloads
References
Akanda, M.R., Hasan, M.M.I., Belal, S.A., Roy, A.C., Ahmad, S.U., Das, R. and Masud, A.A. 2014. A survey on prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in cattle of Sylhet Division in Bangladesh. American Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Therapeutics, 2: 855-860.
Awraris, T., Bogale, B. and Chanie, M. 2012. Occurrence of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in and around Gondar town, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. Acta Parasitologica Globalis, 3(2): 28-33.
Chhabra, M.B. and Singla, L.D.2009. Food-borne parasitic zoonoses in India: Review of recent reports of human infections. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 23: 103-110. Choudhury, S.M.Z., Mondal, M.M.H., Islam, M.J.F.A., Taimur, and Biswas, H.R. 1994. Prevalence of fascioliasis in cattle at Savar Dhaka Bangladesh. Indian Veterinary Journal, 71: 121-123. Fikru, R., Teshale, S., Reta, D. and Yosef, K. 2006. Epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites of ruminantsin Western Oromia, Ethiopia. The International Journal of Applied Research in Veterinary Medicine, 4: 51-57.
Githiori, J.B., Hogland, J., Waller, P.J. and Baker, R.L. 2004. Evaluation of anthelmintic properties of some plants used as livestock dewormers against Haemonchus contortus infections in sheep. Parasitology, 129: 245-253.
Gupta, A., Dixit, A.K., Dixit, P. and Mahajan, C. 2012. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cattle and buffaloes in and around Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 26: 186-188.
Kumar, N., Rao, T.K.S., Varghese, A. and Rathor, V.S. 2013. Internal parasite management in grazing livestock. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 37: 151-157.
Maharana, B.R., Kumar, B., Sudhakar, N.R., Behera, S.K. and Patbandha, T.K. 2015. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in bovines in and around Junagadh (Gujarat). Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39: 1-5.
Marothi, Y. and Singh, B. 2011. Prevalence of intestinal parasites at Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India: Five-year study. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 2711-2714.
Ministry of Agriculture. 2012. 19th Livestock Census Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India. [http://dahd.nic.in/sites/default/files/Livestock%20%205.pdf].
Moretti, A., Mangili, V., Salvatori, R., Maresca, C., Scoccia, E., Torina, A., Moretta, I., Gabrielli, S., Tampieri, M.P. and Pietrobelli, M. 2010. Prevalence and diagnosis of Babesia and Theileria infections in horses in Italy: A preliminary study. The Veterinary Journal, 184: 346-350.
Muraleedharan, K. 2005. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of livestock in a central dry zone of Karnataka. Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 19(1): 31-33.
Om, H., Kumar, S. and Singh, P. 2010. Prevalence of coccidian in Mathura region of Uttar parasite egg excretion in young calves in peri-urban livestock production in Mali. Research in Veterinary Science, 84: 225-231.
Renwal, K.K., Gupta, A., Kumar, N., Pilania, P.K. and Manohar, G.S. 2017. Prevalence and risk assessment of gastrointestinal helminthoses in dairy animals of Bikaner, Rajasthan. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 41: 557-561.
Saddiqi, H.A., Iqbal, Z., Khan, M.N. and Muhammad, G. 2010. Comparative resistance of sheep breeds to Haemonchus contortus in a natural pasture infection. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 739-743.
Soulsby, E.J.L. 1982. Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals (7th edn.). Baillière Tindall, London (UK).
Sumbria, D., Singla, L.D., Sharma, A., Moudgil, A.D. and Bal, M.S. 2014. Equine trypanosomosis in Central and Western Punjab: Prevalence, haemato-biochemical response and associated risk factors. Acta Tropica, 138: 44-50.
Bhavana Rathore et al.
Swarnakar, G., Bhardawaj, B., Sanger, B. and Roat, K. 2014. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in cow and buffalo of Udaipur district, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 4: 897-902.
Thrusfield, M. (Ed.). 2005. Veterinary Epidemiology (3rd edn.). Wiley- Blackwell, USA. Wadhwa, A., Tanwar, R.K., Singla, L.D., Eda, S., Kumar, N. and Kumar, Y. 2011. Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes in cattle and buffaloes in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Veterinary World, 4(9): 417-419.
Williams, J.C. and Loyacano, A.F. 2001. Internal Parasites of Cattle in Louisiana and Other Southern States. Agcenter Res. Info. Sheet, 104:1-19. Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA.
