Ros-Dependent Apoptotic Effect Of Washingtonia Filifera H. Wendl.  Extracts On Human Breast Cancer Cell Mcf-7

Nael Abutaha; Fahd A Al-mekhlafi; Ahmed I Alsayadi; Mohamed A Wadaan

doi:10.48165/

Authors

Nael Abutaha Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Fahd A Al-mekhlafi Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Ahmed I Alsayadi Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)
Mohamed A Wadaan Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451, Riyadh (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48165/

Keywords:

Apoptosis, anticancer, extract, fluorescent microscopy, ROS, Washingtonia filifera

Abstract

Washingtonia filifera has many health benefits, but its activity against cancer cell lines has not yet been explored. The present study assessed the cytotoxicity of different solvent extracts of W. filifera using MTT assay. Fluorescence microscopy was used to evaluate apoptosis and oxidative stress. Only two extracts showed dose- and time-dependent decrease in cell survival. The ethyl acetate extract of W. filifera (WFET) exhibited maximum cytotoxicity against HUVECs, MCF7, HCT116, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 21.7, 48.8, 85.8, and 100.6 µg mL-1, respectively, 24 h post-treatment. Similarly, methanolic extract of W. filifera (WFME) showed maximum cytotoxicity against HUVECs (IC50: 21.8 µg mL-1) cells, followed by MCF-7 (73.3 µg mL-1), HCT116 (98.5 µg mL-1), and HepG2 (100 µg mL-1). Light and florescent microscopy using 4′,6- diamidino-2-phenylindole, and acridine orange-ethidium bromide dyes showed apoptotic cell death. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated using DCFH-DA dye. The WFET and WFME extracts showed increased intracellular ROS with increased concentrations of the two extracts using MCF7 cells. Overall, the WFME and WFET extracts could hemo-preventive agents against breast carcinoma cells.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abutaha, N., Al-zharani, M., Al-Doaiss, A.A., Baabbad, A., Al-Malki, A.M., and Dekhil, H. 2020. Anticancer, antioxidant, and acute toxicity studies of a Saudi polyherbal formulation, PHF5. Open Chemistry, 18(1): 472-481.

Abutaha, N.M., Farooq, M.F., Mohammed, A.Z., Alotaibi, A., Cordero, M.A.W., Bepari, A. and Alarifi, S. 2021. Cytotoxic activity and toxicity study of HF8, a poly-herbal formulation. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 33(3): 101377. [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101377].

Ahmad, K.A., Harris, N.H., Johnson, A.D., Lindvall, H.C., Wang, G. and Ahmed, K. 2007. Protein kinase CK2 modulates apoptosis induced by resveratrol and epigallocatechin-3-gallate in prostate cancer cells. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 6(3): 1006-1012.

Aydemir, E.A., Simsek, E., Imir, N., Göktürk, R.S., Yesilada, E. and Fiskin, K. 2015. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Ebenus boissieri Barbey on human lung cancer cell line A549. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(Suppl 1): S37. [https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.157679].

Bacanli, M., Anlar, H.G., Başaran, A.A. and Başaran, N. 2017. Assessment of cytotoxicity profiles of different phytochemicals: comparison of neutral red and MTT assays in different cells in different time periods. Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14(2): 95. [https://doi.org/ 10.4274/tjps.07078].

Blumen, H., Fitch, K. and Polkus, V. 2016. Comparison of treatment costs for breast cancer, by tumor stage and type of service. American Health & Drug Benefits, 9(1): 23-32. Chen, S.K., Hsu, C.H., Tsai, M.L., Chen, R.H. and Drummen, G.P. 2013. Inhibition of oxidative stress by low-molecular-weight polysaccharides with various functional groups in skin fibroblasts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(10): 19399-19415. Chu, C.C., Chen, S.Y., Chyau, C.C. and Duh, P.D. 2017. Antiproliferative effect of sweet orange peel and its bioactive compounds against human hepatoma cells, in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Functional Foods, 33: 363-375.

El-Sayed, N., Ammar, N., Al-Okbi, S., El-Kassem, L.A. and Mabry, T. 2006. Antioxidant activity and two new flavonoids from Washingtonia filifera. Natural Product Research, 20(1): 57-61.

Nael Abutaha et al.

Elmore, S. 2007. Apoptosis: A review of programmed cell death. Toxicologic Pathology, 35(4): 495-516.

Era, B., Floris, S., Sogos, V., Porcedda, C., Piras, A., Medda, R., Fais, A. and Pintus F. 2021. Anti aging potential of extracts from Washingtonia filifera seeds. Plants, 10(1): 151. [https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants10010151].

Eruslanov, E. and Kusmartsev S. 2010. Identification of ROS using oxidized DCFDA and flow cytometry, Advanced protocols in oxidative stress II. Springer, 57-72.

Fayad, W., El-Hallouty, S.M., Meky, N.H., EL-Menshawi, B.S., Wassel, G.M. and Hasabo, A.A. 2015. Evaluation of anticancer activity of some Egyptian plants showed free radical scavenging activity. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 8: 387-393.

Forni, C., Facchiano, F., Bartoli, M., Pieretti, S., Facchiano, A., Arcangelo, D.D., Norelli, S., Valle, G., Nisini, R. and Beninati, S. 2019. Beneficial role of phytochemicals on oxidative stress and age-related diseases. BioMed Research International, 2019: 8748253| [https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8748253].

Frye, R.F., Fitzgerald, S.M., Lagattuta, T.F., Hruska, M.W. and Egorin, M.J. 2004. Effect of St John's wort on imatinib mesylate pharmacokinetics. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 76(4): 323-329.

Gaagaia, D., Bouakba, M. and Layachi, A. 2019. Thermo-physico-chemical and statistical mechanical properties of Washingtonian filifera new lignocellulosic fiber. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 7(2): 137-150.

Hemmati, A.A., Kalantari, H., Siahpoosh, A., Ghorbanzadeh, B. and Jamali, H. 2015. Anti inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the Washingtonia filifera seeds in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products, 10(1): [https://doi.org/ 10.17795/jjnpp-19887].

Jeng, J.H., Wang, Y.J., Chiang, B.L., Lee, P.H., Chan, C.P., Ho, Y.S., Wang, T.M., Lee, J.J., Hahn, L.J. and Chang, M.C. 2003. Roles of keratinocyte inflammation in oral cancer: Regulating the prostaglandin E 2, interleukin-6 and TNF-α production of oral epithelial cells by areca nut extract and arecoline. Carcinogenesis, 24(8):1301-1315.

Juan, M.E.l., Wenzel, U., Daniel, H. and Planas, J.M. 2008. Resveratrol induces apoptosis through ROS-dependent mitochondria pathway in HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 56(12): 4813-4818.

Khan, M.A., Siddiqui, S., Ahmad, I., Singh, R., Mishra, D.P., Srivastava, A.N. and Ahmad, R. 2021. Phytochemicals from Ajwa dates pulp extract induce apoptosis in human triple-negative breast cancer by inhibiting AKT/mTOR pathway and modulating Bcl-2 family proteins. Scientific Reports, 11(1): 1-14. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89420-z].

Khattak, M.N.K., Shanableh, A., Hussain, M.I., Khan, A.A., Abdulwahab, M., Radeef, W. and Samreen, M.H. 2020. Anticancer activities of selected Emirati date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties pits in human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(12): 3390-3396.

Kromer, G., Galluzzi, L. and Brenner, C. 2007. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiological Reviews, 87: 99-163.

Lamia, F.S. and Mukti, R.F. 2021. Bangladeshi wild date palm fruits (Phoenix sylvestris): Promising source of anti-cancer agents for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 9(1): 32-37.

Mailloux, A., Grenet, K., Bruneel, A., Bénéteau-Burnat, B., Vaubourdolle, M. and Baudin, B. 2001. Anticancer drugs induce necrosis of human endothelial cells involving both oncosis and apoptosis. European Journal of Cell Biology, 80(6): 442-449.

Marvibaigi, M., Amini, N., Supriyanto, E., Abdul Majid, F.A., Kumar Jaganathan, S., Jamil, S., Hamzehalipour Almaki, J. and Nasiri, R. 2016. Antioxidant activity and ROS-dependent apoptotic effect of Scurrula ferruginea (Jack) danser methanol extract in human breast cancer

Apoptotic effect of Washingtonia filifera extracts 183

cell MDA-MB-231. PLoS One, 11(7): e0158942. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158942].

Moon, D.O., Kim, M.O., Choi, Y.H., Hyun, J.W., Chang, W.Y. and Kim, G.Y. 2010. Butein induces G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human hepatoma cancer cells through ROS generation. Cancer Letters, 288(2): 204-213.

NIH. 2021. National Cancer Institute. [https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/side effects].

Qiao, J., Gu, C., Shang, W., Du, J., Yin, W., Zhu, M., Wang, W., Han, M. and Lu, W. 2011. Effect of green tea on pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil in rats and pharmacodynamics in human cell lines in vitro. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 49(6): 1410-1415.

Qin, C., Tan, K.L., Zhang, C.L., Tan, C.Y., Chen, Y.Z. and Jiang, Y.Y. 2012. What does it take to synergistically combine sub-potent natural products into drug-level potent combinations? PloS one, 7(11): e49969. [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049969].

Rajavel, T., Mohankumar, R., Archunan, G., Ruckmani, K. and Devi K.P. 2017. Beta sitosterol and daucosterol (phytosterols identified in Grewia tiliaefolia) perturbs cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1-15.

Redza-Dutordoir, M. and Averill-Bates D.A. 2016. Activation of apoptosis signalling pathways by reactive oxygen species. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 1863(12): 2977-2992.

Sawicka, D., Car, H., Borawska, M.H. and Nikliński, J. 2012. The anticancer activity of propolis. Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica, 50(1): 25-37.

Shokrzadeh, M., Azadbakht, M., Ahangar, N., Hashemi, A. and Saravi, S.S. 2010. Cytotoxicity of hydro-alcoholic extracts of Cucurbita pepo and Solanum nigrum on HepG2 and CT26 cancer cell lines. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 6(23): 176.

Soare, J.R., Dinis, T.C., Cunha, A.P. and Almeida, L. 1997. Antioxidant activities of some extracts of Thymus zygis. Free Radical Research, 26(5): 469-478.

Somasundaram, S., Edmund, N.A., Moore, D.T., Small, G.W., Shi, Y.Y. and Orlowski R.Z. 2002. Dietary curcumin inhibits chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in models of human breast cancer. Cancer Research, 62(13): 3868-3875.

Suganya, M., Gnanamangai, B.M., Ravindran, B., Chang, S.W., Selvaraj, A., Govindasamy, C., Elsadek, M.F. and Ponmurugan, P. 2019. Antitumor effect of proanthocyanidin induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cells and its molecular docking studies. BMC Chemistry, 13(1): 1-14.

Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R.L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A. and Bray, F. 2021. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 71(3): 209-249.

Surh, Y.J. 2003. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary phytochemicals. Nature Reviews Cancer, 3(10): 768-780.

Tihauan, B.M., Berca, L.M., Adascalului, M., Martinez Sanmartin, A., Nica, S., Cimponeriu, D. and Duta, D. 2020. Experimental in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of plant bioactive compounds and phytoagents: A review. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 25(4): 1832-1842.

Trogdon, J.G., Ekwueme, D.U., Poehler, D., Thomas, C.C., Reeder-Hayes, K. and Allaire, B.T. 2017. Medical costs of treating breast cancer among younger Medicaid beneficiaries by stage at diagnosis. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 166(1): 207-215.

Wilson, M.A., Gaut, B. and Clegg M.T. 1990. Chloroplast DNA evolves slowly in the palm family (Arecaceae). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 7(4): 303-314.

Yong, J.W., Ge, L., Ng, Y.F. and Tan, S.N. 2009. The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water. Molecules, 14(12): 5144-5164.