Associative Effect Of Cereals And Oil Cakes In Concentrate Supplements And Complete Diet For Ruminants On In Vitro Fermentation Kinetics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48165/Keywords:
Fermentation kinetics, feedstuffs, fortification, gas production, ruminantsAbstract
Fermentation of grains in dairy ration along with oil seed meals (OSM) and urea-mineral-salt (UMS) fortification was studied using first order kinetic model of in vitro gas production (IVGP). Non-reducing sugars in OSM were 6% as compared to 1-3% in grains. Fermentation of oats was steadier than maize or sorghum. Addition of UMS to a dairy cow ration had no impact on IVGP of grains and OSM, and affected the initiation of fermentation but not in groundnut cake. When soya meal was added to grains alongwith UMS, the maize fermentation became steadier and comparable to oats, while spurt of IVGP was observed with sorghum at 7 UMS fortification reduced methane in the IVGP only in grains but not in OSM. Study indicated that maize was a good source of grain on urea based diets compared to sorghum or oats. Addition of natural source of protein as OSM was essential when UMS is added in concentrate supplements.
Downloads
References
AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis (18th edn.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, USA.
Buaphan, S., Pattarajinda, V., Froetshel, M.A., Duangiinda, M. and Opatapattanakit, Y. 2011. The effect of soluble protein and sugar concentration on ruminal fermentation and nutrient digestibility in crossbred steers. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 10: 1724-1730.
Clegg, K.M. 1956. The application of the anthrone reagent to the estimation of starch in cereals. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture, 7: 40-44.
Das, M.N. and Giri, N.C. 1991. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi, India.
DePeters, E.J., Getachew, G., Fadel, J.G., Zinn, R.A., Taylor, S.J., Pareas, J.W., Hinders, R.G. and Aseltine, M.S. 2003. In vitro gas production as a method to compare fermentation characteristics of steam flaked corn. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 105: 109-122.
Gulmez, B.H., Gencoglu, H., Biricik, H., Deniz, G., Karal, C., Valci, F. and Turkmen, I.I. 2010. The effect of starch sources with different degradability rates on milk production and composition in lactating cows. Journal of Biology and Environmental Science, 4: 9-14.
Hirata, M., Hasegawa, N., Nogami, K. and Sonoda, T. 2009. Maintenance behaviour of cattle in a young tree plantation in southern Kyushu, Japan. Journal of Ethnology, 27: 437–445. Krishanmoorthy, U., Soller, H., Steingass, H. and Menke, K.H. 1991. A comparative study on rumen fermentation of energy supplements in vitro. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 65: 28-35.
Licitra, G., Hernandez, T.M. and VanSoest, P.J. 1996. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57: 347-358. Luc, D.H., Thu, N.Y. and Preston, T.R. 2009. Feed intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nitrogen retention in growing cattle given maize or molasses with two levels of crude protein as supplements to a basal diet of rice straw and grass. Livestock Research for Rural Development 21: Article #111. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd21/7/luc21111.htm (DoA: 22-05-2011). Makkar, H.P.S. 2004. Recent advances in the in vitro gas method for evaluation of nutritional quality of feed resources. pp. 170. In: Assessing the Quality and Safety of Animal Feeds. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper. FAO, Rome. ID 166954. pp 170. http://www.fao.org/ docrep/007/y5159e/y5159e00.htm (DoA: 17-03-2012).
Menke, K.H. and Steingass, H. 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28:7- 55.
Rooney, L.W. and Pflugfelder, R.L. 1986. Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. Journal of Animal Science, 63: 1607-1623.
Russel, J.B. 2007. The energy spilling reactions of bacteria and other organisms. Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, 13: 1-11.
Rymer, C., Huntington, J.A., Williams, B.A. and Givens, D.I. 2005. In vitro cumulative gas production techniques: History, methodological considerations and challenges. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 123–124: 9–30.
Sallam, S.M.A. 2005. Nutritive value assessment of the alternative feed resources by gas production and rumen fermentation in vitro. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1: 200-209.
Singh, A.P. and Rekib, A. 1975. A note on the quality of turnip silage ensiled with M.P. Chari khadbi. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 45: 972-975.
Somogyi, M. 1945. Determination of blood sugar. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 160: 69-73.
In vitro fermentation kinetics of cereals and oil cakes in ruminants 137
Srinivas, B. and Krishnamoorthy, U. 2005. Influence of diet induced changes in rumen microbial characteristics on gas production kinetics of straw substrates in vitro. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 18: 990-996.
Srinivas, B. and Swain, N. 2009. Influence of carbohydrates to protein ratio of concentrate feedstuffs on in vitro gas production kinetics and methanogenesis. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 15: 162- 171.
Srinivas, B., Chaturvedi, O.H., Malik, R. and Asgar, M. 2008. Effect of enzyme to substrate ratio of exogenous fibrolytic and protease enzymes on in vitro gas production kinetics. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 14: 181-190.
Tedeschi, L.O., Schofield, P. and Pell, A.N. 2008. Determining feed quality for ruminants using in vitro gas production technique. 2. Evaluating different models to assess gas production measurements. pp. 15. In: The 4th Workshop on Modelling in Ruminant Nutrition: Application of the Gas Production Technique, July 22nd to 25th, 2008, EMBRAPA, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
Yemm, E.W. and Willis, A.J. 1954. The estimation of carbohydrates in plant extracts by anthrone. Biochemical Journal, 57: 508–514.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
How to Cite
